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Environment Research

The Environmental Cost of Commuting

How work-from-home policies can significantly reduce your carbon footprint and help combat climate change.

WFH saves 242 kg of CO₂ per person per year

That's a 5% reduction in your annual carbon footprint.

Source: University of Melbourne (Buildings journal)

What the Research Says

University of Melbourne research shows that working from home 1.5 days per week reduces national annual greenhouse gas emissions by about 1.21 Mt CO₂-e. Working from home 4 days per week reduces emissions by 5.76 Mt CO₂-e annually.

Emissions Reduction by WFH Frequency

1 day/week
2%
The Guardian 2023
1.5 days/week
5%
University of Melbourne
2-3 days/week
15-20%
Science Direct
4 days/week
25%
University of Melbourne
5 days/week
54%
The Guardian 2023

By the Numbers

242 kg
CO₂ saved per person annually (1.5 days WFH)
University of Melbourne
54%
Emissions reduction for full-time WFH
The Guardian 2023
29.11%
GHG emissions reduction (WFH vs office)
Science Direct 2024
70-87%
Carbon emissions reduction (hybrid working)
IWG & Arup Report 2023

Your Commute's Carbon Footprint

The environmental impact of your commute depends on how you travel. Here's how different transport methods compare:

CO₂ Emissions per Kilometre

Petrol car
192 g CO₂/km
Australian standard
Diesel car
171 g CO₂/km
Australian standard
Bus
89 g CO₂/km
includes manufacturing
Train/Tram
41 g CO₂/km
includes manufacturing
Electric car (AU grid)
101 g CO₂/km
includes grid emissions
Work from home
0 g CO₂/km
eliminated commute

* Electric car emissions depend on the electricity grid. In Western Australia, where coal still makes up a significant portion of generation, the benefit is reduced compared to renewable-heavy grids.Source: Australian Government Green Vehicle Guide, Climate Council

Perth's Potential Impact

With over 1 million workers in the Perth metropolitan area, the collective impact of work-from-home policies could be transformative.

Scenario: 20% of Perth Workers WFH 2 Days/Week

Cars removed from roads daily~40,000 vehicles
CO₂ emissions reduced annually~48,400 tonnes
Equivalent totaking 10,500 cars off the road permanently
Fuel saved annually~25 million litres

* Estimate based on 1 million eligible workers × 27 km average commute × 48 working weeks. This is Beyond St Georges' calculation using methodology derived from University of Melbourne emissions data and ABS commuter statistics — not a finding published by those organisations.

The Compounding Environmental Benefits

The environmental benefits of WFH extend beyond just eliminating your commute:

  • Reduced office energy use: Less heating, cooling, and lighting in commercial buildings
  • Less road maintenance: Fewer cars means less road resurfacing and construction
  • Reduced runoff pollution: Fewer cars means less oil, tyre particles, and brake dust washing into waterways
  • Lower manufacturing demand: Less wear on vehicles means fewer replacement parts needed

But What About Home Energy Use?

Critics argue that WFH simply shifts emissions from offices to homes. However, research shows this isn't the case. The University of Melbourne study found that even accounting for increased residential energy use, WFH still results in significant net emissions reductions.

The key reason: heating and cooling a single home is more efficient than heating/cooling a large commercial building, especially when that building is only partially occupied.

Sources

University of Melbourne - "Effects of Working from Home on Greenhouse Gas Emissions" (Buildings journal, 2023)

Science Direct - "Greenhouse gas emissions: WFH vs office" (2024)

The Guardian - "People who WFH cut emissions by 54%" (September 2023)

ECOVoice - "Hybrid working reduces carbon emissions by 70-87%" (IWG & Arup Report, 2023)

Australian Government - Green Vehicle Guide emissions data

Climate Council - Australia's electricity grid emissions factor

Calculate Your Carbon Savings

See how much CO₂ you could save by working from home.